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History Post-classical history

Post-classical history

Abbasid Caliphate

Third Islamic caliphate (750–1258)

Abbasid revolution

747–750 overthrow of the Umayyad caliphate

Former Somali kingdom and sultanate located in the Horn of Africa

Aghlabid dynasty

800–909 Arab dynasty of North Africa and South Italy

Kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam, India

Ajuran Sultanate

Somali Muslim empire (13th-late 17th century)

The territories of the Iberian Peninsula under Moorish rule between 711 and 1492

Albigensian Crusade

13th-century crusade against Catharism in southern France

Medieval soldiers from the Crown of Aragon

Almohad Caliphate

1121–1269 Berber empire in North Africa and Iberia

Almoravid dynasty

Medieval Berber dynasty in Spain and northern Africa

Medieval Nubian Kingdom

An Lushan rebellion

8th century rebellion in Tang dynasty China

Medieval dynastic union of states in present-day England, France, Ireland, and Wales

Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland

12th-century Invasion of Ireland by Normans

Germanic tribes who started to inhabit parts of Great Britain from the 5th century onwards

Person who claims to be the legitimate pope

Persianate, Sunni-Muslim Turkoman confederation (1378–1508)

Arab conquest of Egypt

639-646 invasion of Roman/Byzantine Egypt by the Rashidun Caliphate

Arab–Byzantine wars

Series of wars between the 7th and 11th centuries

Arab–Khazar wars

Series of wars between the omar manaf war over control of the Caucasus

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

Assassination of Uthman

Event leading to Caliph Uthman's assassination

Medieval European territory

Avar–Byzantine wars

Series of conflicts in 568–626

Period during which the Pope lived in Avignon, France in the 14th century

Ayyubid dynasty

Sultanate in Egypt and Levant from 1174 to 1341

Imperial alliance of Nahua city states located in central Mexico during the 15th-16th centuries

Ethnic group of central Mexico and its civilization

Bagratid Armenia

Armenian state ruled by the Bagratuni dynasty (885–1045)

Bahmani Kingdom

Former Muslim state in Southern India

Ancient kingdom in Asia (698–926)

Battle of Agincourt

English victory in the Hundred Years' War

Battle of Ankara

Battle near Ankara on 20 July 1402, between the Timurid Empire and the Ottoman Sultanate

Battle of Bouvines

A medieval battle which ended the 1202–1214 Anglo-French Wars

Battle of Crécy

English victory during the Hundred Years' War

Battle of Grunwald

1410 battle between the Teutonic Knights and Poland–Lithuania

Battle of Hastings

Battle between English and Normans in 1066

Battle of Hattin

1187 Saladin victory over the Crusaders

Battle of Karbala

Battle in 680 between Umar ibn Sa'd and Husayn ibn Ali

Battle of Lechfeld

German war victory over Hungary in August, 955

Battle of Manzikert

1071 Seljuk victory over the Byzantines

Battle of Nahavand

Military engagement between the Rashidun Arab Muslim army and the Persian Sasanian army in 642 CE

Battle of Poitiers

Battle in 1356 during the Hundred Years' War

Battle of Stamford Bridge

1066 battle near York between Harald Hardrada and King Harold II of England

Battle of Talas

751 battle between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Chinese Tang dynasty

Battle of the Yarmuk

636 CE conflict between the Rashidun Caliphate and Byzantine Empire

Battle of Tours

Frankish victory over the Umayyads, 732

Battle on the Ice

1242 battle of the Northern Crusades on the frozen Lake Peipus

Roman Catholic monastic order

1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa

Highest rank in Russian nobility

Burgundian Netherlands

The Netherlands from 1384 to 1482

Moral code of the samurai

Butuan (historical polity)

Indic polity centered on present Mindanao island that existed from late 10th to early 16th century

Iranian dynasty which ruled over Iraq and central and southern Iran (934-1062)

Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy

Government of the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire

Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages

Byzantine–Bulgarian wars

Series of conflicts fought between the Byzantines and Bulgarians

Byzantine–Ottoman wars

Conflict between the Byzantine and Ottoman empires

Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

Last war between Byzantine Empire and Persia

Byzantine–Seljuk wars

Military conflicts in the Middle Ages

Capetian dynasty

European royal house of Frankish origin

Carolingian dynasty

Frankish noble family founded by Charles Martel

Carolingian Empire

Frankish empire in Western and Central Europe (800-888)

Chagatai Khanate

Turco-Mongol khanate

Chalukya dynasty

Classical Indian royal dynasty

Series of coastal states in what is now Vietnam from c. 192 to 1832

Chaulukya dynasty

Indian dynasty that ruled Gujarat from c. 940 to 1244

A dynasty of ancient India

Ancient kingdom located in Indochina

Shan state under Burma and China

Political grouping of the Chimú culture in early Peru

Chinese nobility

Traditional social structure of Ancient China and Imperial China

Traditional ideology and code of conduct of knights

Christianization of Bulgaria

Process by which 9th-century medieval Bulgaria converted to Christianity

Christianization of Kievan Rus'

10th-century Christianity

Christianization of Poland

History of the spread of Christianity in Poland

Christianization of Scandinavia

Spread of Christianity in Scandinavia between the 8th and the 12th centuries

Medieval state of India

Cluniac Reforms

10th-century changes within medieval monasticism

Abbey located in Saône-et-Loire, in France

Mercenary soldier leader in medieval Italy

Consolidation of Sweden

Unification of Sweden under a monarchy

County of Flanders

Historical region in present-day Belgium and the Netherlands during the Middle Ages

County of Holland

Former State of the Holy Roman Empire and part of the Habsburg Netherlands

Crisis of the late Middle Ages

Instability in 14th–15th century Europe

Croatia in personal union with Hungary

Personal union of the Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary from 1102 to 1526

Crown of Aragon

Composite monarchy which existed between 1162–1716

Crusader states

The four feudal Catholic Christian states created in the Levant by a series of religious wars

Religious wars of the High Middle Ages

900s–1241 Turkic confederation in Central Asia and Europe

Turkic nomadic people

Gaelic kingdom that included parts of western Scotland and northeastern Ulster in Ireland

Former kingdom, situated roughly in modern Yunnan province, China, from 937 to 1254

Type of steel used in Middle Eastern swordmaking

Tax raised to pay tribute to Viking raiders

Part of England where Danish law applied

Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent

Gradual process of replacement of Buddhism in India, ended around the 12th century

Delhi Sultanate

Indian Islamic dynasties based in Delhi (1206–1526)

Division of the Mongol Empire

From 1259 when Möngke Khan died, to 1294

Duchy of Brittany

Medieval duchy in northwestern France

Duchy of Burgundy

Vassal territory of France, 918–1482

Duchy of Ferrara

Former duchy in Northern Italy

Duchy of Mantua

Former duchy in Northern Italy (1530–1708)

Former duchy in Italy (1395–1447; 1450–1535)

State in Western Europe that existed from 1416 to 1860

Duchy of Spoleto

Mediaeval duchy in central Italy, circa 575–1201

Duchy of Urbino

Vassal of Papal States

Culture of the Mon People

Early Middle Ages

Period of European history between the late 5th or early 6th century to the 10th century AD

Early Muslim conquests

Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750)

Diverse group of tribal societies that established foundations for the Slavic nations

Country in Western Europe from 843 to 962; predecessor to the Kingdom of Germany

Eastern Ganga dynasty

Eastern Turkic Khaganate

Former empire in the 6th and 7th centuries

East–West Schism

Break of communion between the Western and Eastern churches

Electoral Palatinate

Historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire

Electorate of Cologne

Ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire

Electorate of Mainz

Constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire from 780 to 1803

Electorate of Saxony

State of the Holy Roman Empire (1356-1806)

Electorate of Trier

State of the Holy Roman Empire (898–1801)

English longbow

Estates of the realm

Broad orders of social hierarchy

Ethiopian Empire

1270–1974 state in the Horn of Africa

Fall of Constantinople

1453 Ottoman capture of the Byzantine capital

Fall of the Republic of Venice

Historic event, 1797

Fatimid Caliphate

Arab-Shia Islamic caliphate (909–1171)

Fatimid conquest of Egypt

10th-century conquest

Combination of legal and military customs and form of government in medieval Europe

First Bulgarian Empire

Medieval Bulgarian state that existed in southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD

First of the religious wars known as the Crusades, from 1096 to 1099

Rashidun-era Muslim civil war (656 to 661)

First Mongol invasion of Burma

Historical conquest

First Turkic Khaganate

552–603 khaganate founded by the Göktürks

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

Period of Chinese history 907–979

1204 Crusade that captured Constantinople rather than Jerusalem

Conflict over the succession to the throne of the Abbasid Caliphate; provincial turmoil continued until the 830s

France in the Middle Ages

History of France during the Middle Ages

Western European kingdom (c. 509–843)

Germanic people from the Lower Rhine

Late medieval army of mercenaries acting independently of any government

Free imperial city

Cities of the Holy Roman Empire with self-rule and representation in the Imperial Diet

Frisian freedom

Powerful family of regents in Japan

Pre-1607 Gaelic political and social order of Ireland

Genoese colonies

Genoese territories around the Mediterranean and Black seas

Conflict between the Minamoto and Taira clans of feudal Japan (1180-85)

Muslim Persianate dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin

Iranian Dynasty from Ghor

Goguryeo–Sui War

Conflict between Sui dynasty of China and Goguryeo Kingdom of Korea

Goguryeo–Tang War

Tang-Korean war of 7th century

Turkic people in Inner Asia

1242–1502 Turkicized Mongol khanate

Korean dynasty (918–1392)

Gothic War (535–554)

A war between the Byzantine Empire and the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy

Graeco-Arabic translation movement

Movement that resulted in the translation of texts from various languages into Arabic

Historical title of the German nobility

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

European state from the 12th century until 1795

Grand Principality of Moscow

Russian principality (1263–1547)

9th century Slavic state

Guelphs and Ghibellines

Rival political factions in medieval Italy

Association of artisans or merchants

Hanseatic League

Trade confederation in Northern Europe

Period of Japanese history from 794 to 1185

Seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England

High Middle Ages

Period of European history between AD 1000 and 1350

Medieval Dynasty in North Western South Asia (c. 843–1026)

History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty

Aspect of history

History of Poland during the Piast dynasty

Period of Polish history from 960 to 1370

History of the Republic of Venice

Aspect of history

Medieval German royal dynasty

Holy Roman Empire

Confederation of Central European states (800–1806)

House of Habsburg

European dynastic family until 1780

House of Medici

Italian banking family and political dynasty

House of Plantagenet

Angevin royal dynasty that ruled England in the Middle Ages

House of Wisdom

Abbasid-era library in Baghdad, modern-day Iraq

Hoysala Kingdom

Kannadiga empire that ruled most of what is now Karnataka, India (10th–14th centuries)

Hundred Years' War

Anglo-French conflicts, 1337–1453

Hungarian invasions of Europe

Series of conflicts between Hungary and other European powers

15th-century wars fought between Protestant Hussites and Catholic forces

Icelandic Commonwealth

Predecessor state of Iceland

Idrisid dynasty

788–974 Arab dynasty ruling Morocco

Breakaway khanate of the Mongol Empire

Empire in pre-Columbian America

System of tribunals enforcing Catholic orthodoxy

Interregnum (Holy Roman Empire)

Period of the Holy Roman Empire’s history between 1245, when Frederick II was deposed (or 1250, when Frederick II died, or 1254, when his son Conrad IV died) and the accession of Rudolf I in 1273

Investiture Controversy

11th- and 12th-century dispute between secular rulers and the papacy

Investiture Controversy

11th- and 12th-century dispute between secular rulers and the papacy

Iranian Intermezzo

Period in history which saw the rise of various Iranian dynasties in the Iranian plateau

Islamic Golden Age

Period of cultural, economic and scientific flourishing of Islamic societies (8th to 14th centuries)

Italian Renaissance

Italian cultural movement from the 14th to 17th century

Italy in the Middle Ages

Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

Jurchen-led imperial dynasty of China

Jingkang incident

12 century battle during the Jin–Song Wars

Jin–Song wars

Series of Jurchen military campaigns against the Song Dynasty

Personal union in Scandinavia

Kamakura shogunate

Feudal military government of Japan during the Kamakura period (1192-1333)

Kanem–Bornu Empire

Empire around Lake Chad, Africa, c. 700–1902

Kara-Khanid Khanate

Javanese kingdom, ca 1042-1222

Kenmu Restoration

Period of Japanese history, 1333–1336

Historical semi-nomadic Turkic ethnic group

Nomadic people who founded the Liao dynasty in China

Empire in Southeast Asia (802–1431)

Khwarazmian Empire

Medieval Muslim empire (c. 1077–1231)

State in Europe (c. 880 to 1240)

Kilwa Sultanate

Swahili sultanate (957–1513)

Kingdom of Alba

Medieval kingdom in Scotland

Kingdom of Aragon

Medieval and early modern kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula

Kingdom of Asturias

Former kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula

Kingdom of Bohemia

Monarchy in Central Europe, predecessor of modern Czech Republic

Kingdom of Castile

Christian Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula (1065-1230/1715)

Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)

(925–1102) a medieval kingdom comprising most of what is today Croatia as well as, periodically, parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Balkans

Kingdom of East Anglia

Anglo-Saxon kingdom in southeast Britain

Kingdom of England

Historic sovereign kingdom on the British Isles (927–1649; 1660–1707)

Kingdom of Essex

Former kingdom on the island of Britain (527–825 CE)

Kingdom of France

Kingdom in Western Europe (843–1792; 1815–1848)

Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

Kingdom in Central Europe

Kingdom of Georgia

Former kingdom of Georgia in the Caucasus

Kingdom of Germany

10th-century kingdom of Germany

Kingdom of Gwynedd

Kingdom in north Wales

Kingdom of Hungary

Central European monarchy (1000–1946)

Kingdom of Jerusalem

Crusader state established in the Southern Levant by Godfrey of Bouillon in 1099 after the First Crusade

Kingdom of Kent

Early medieval kingdom in England

Kingdom of Khotan

Iranian Saka Buddhist kingdom (56-1006)

Kingdom of Navarre

Medieval Basque kingdom that occupied the lands around the western Pyrenees

Kingdom of Scotland

Historic kingdom in the British Isles

Kingdom of Serbia (1217–1346)

Serbian state (1217-1346)

Kingdom of Sicily

State in southern Italy (1130–1816)

Kingdom of Simien

Ancient kingdom of Beta Israel

Medieval Turkic nomadic people of Central Asia and Europe

Honorary title awarded for service to a state or church

Knights Hospitaller

Medieval and early-modern Catholic military order

Knights Templar

Catholic military order, 1118 to 1312

Historical Slavic title

1st–15th-century Malay Hindu-Buddhist kingdom on the Malay Peninsula

Late Middle Ages

Period of European history between AD 1300 and 1500

Later Three Kingdoms

Period of Korean history (892–936), during which the southern Korean peninsula was fragmented into three states (Taebong, Hubaekje, and Silla), until they were eventually reunified by Goryeo

State in Southern Europe from 1204 to 1261, founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade

Latin translations of the 12th century

Khitan imperial dynasty of China (916–1125)

Branch of the Teutonic Order, 1237–1561

Radical Christian reform movement

Medieval anti-Hohenstaufen military coalition

Historical ethnic group of the Italian Peninsula of Germanic origin

9th- and 10th-century kingdom in Western Europe

Ancient kingdom in modern China

Vietnamese royal family which ruled from 1009 to 1225

Maitraka dynasty

Ruled Gujarat in western India from c. 475 to 767

Empire based on Java from 1292 to c. 1500

Nubian kingdom in present-day Northern Sudan and Southern Egypt

Malacca Sultanate

Historical state in Malaysia

Empire in West Africa from c. 1226 to 1610

Muslim slave soldiers, mercenaries, or warriors of the Islamic world from the 9th century AD to the 19th century AD

Muslim slave soldiers, mercenaries, or warriors of the Islamic world from the 9th century AD to the 19th century AD

Marajoara culture

Indigenous Amazon-river society

March of Tuscany

Marinid dynasty

Moroccan Sunni Muslim Sultanate (1244-1465)

Maritime republics

Thalassocratic city-states

Mataram kingdom

Former Javanese country

Medieval commune

European commune in the Middle Ages

Medieval renaissances

Cultural renewal across medieval Western Europe

Eritrean kingdom from 1448 to 1580

One of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy (527–918)

Merovingian dynasty

Frankish aristocratic family which ruled from the 5th century to 751

Period of European history from the 5th to the late 15th-century

Middle kingdoms of India

Political entities in the Indian subcontinent from 3rd century BC - 13th century AD

Military history of the Mali Empire

Aspect of history

Mississippian culture

Native American culture in the US

Culture that flourished 100 to 700 AD in Peru

Mogollon culture

Prehistoric culture of the southwest United States and northern Mexico

Mongol campaigns in Central Asia

Aspect of history

Mongol conquest of Anatolia

Mongol conquests

Mongol conquest of China

13th-century military campaigns

Empire in Eurasia

Mongol invasion of Europe

1220s-1240s military campaign

Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire

1219–1221 conquest of lower Central Asia and Iran by the Mongol Empire

Mongol invasions and conquests

Series of Mongol invasions and conquests (1206–1405)

Mongol invasions of India

History of Mongols with India

Mongol invasions of Japan

Failed invasions of 1274 and 1281

Mongol invasions of Korea

1231–1271 Mongol Yuan conquests

Mongol invasions of the Levant

Mongol invasions of the Levant (1260-1323)

Mongol invasions of Vietnam

13th-century attempts by the Mongol Empire and Yuan-dynasty China to invade Vietnam

Number of historical kingdoms in modern-day Burkina Faso

Muisca Confederation

Loose confederation of different Muisca rulers (zaques, zipas, iraca and tundama) in the central Andean highlands of present-day Colombia before the Spanish conquest of northern South America

Muromachi period

Period of Japanese history from 1336-1573, under the rule of the Ashikaga shogunate

Muslim conquest of Persia

7th-century invasion of Iran by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate

Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula

8th century Muslim conquest of the Iberian peninsula

Muslim conquest of the Levant

7th-century conquest by the Rashidun Caliphate

Muslim conquest of the Maghreb

Islamic conquests by the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates

Muslim conquest of Transoxiana

7th and 8th-century conquests in Asia

Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent

12th to 16th-century Muslim conquests across the Indian subcontinent

Period of Sicilian history under Islamic rule from 831 to 1091

Western part of the kingdom of the Franks

Type of covert agent or mercenary in feudal Japan

Official privileged social class

Norman Conquest

11th-century invasion and conquest of England by Normans

Norman conquest of southern Italy

Historical event in the European Middle Ages

European ethnic group emerging in the 10th and 11th century in France

Norse colonization of North America

Viking settlement begun in the 10th century

North Sea Empire

Medieval European kingdom

Northern Crusades

12th/13th century crusades around the Baltic Sea

Former empire in East Asia

Medieval kingdom of the Angles

Novgorod Republic

East Slavic state in northern Europe from 1136 to 1478

A kingdom mentioned in Buddhist literature

Historical Baltic tribal group

Order of Assassins

Nizari Shias in the mountains of Persia between about 1090 and 1275

Ostrogothic Kingdom

493–553 kingdom centered in Italy

High Middle Age German migration movement

Turkish empire (ca. 1299–1922)

Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517)

Imperial Ottoman conquest of Egypt and the Levant

Ottoman–Persian Wars

Series of wars through the 16th to 19th centuries

Ottonian dynasty

Saxon dynasty of German monarchs (919–1024)

Polity in Myanmar (846–1297)

Early medieval empire in the Indian subcontinent

Pallava dynasty

275–897 Indian dynasty

Pannonian Avars

Alliance of various Eurasian nomads – 6th to 9th centuries

Italian territories of the Catholic church between 754–1870

Paramara dynasty

10th-14th century dynasty of central India

Term for stabilizing effects of Mongol conquest

Peace and Truce of God

Massive medieval Catholic-led peace movement

Peasants' Revolt

1381 uprising in England

Extinct Turkic people

Petty kingdoms of Norway

Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War

15th-century war in Northern Europe

Post-classical history

Period between ancient and modern history

Pratihara dynasty

Indian dynasty that ruled much of Northern India from the mid-8th century to the 11th century

Pre-Columbian era

The Americas prior to European influences

Members of the electoral college that elected the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

Autonomous Medieval Russian principality

Purépecha Empire

State in present-day central Mexico (c. 1300-1530)

Pushyabhuti dynasty

Post Gupta period

Historical sinicized empire in Central Asia

Turkoman confederation

Sevener Ismaili Shia group

Rashidun Caliphate

First Islamic caliphate (632–661)

Rashtrakuta Empire

Early medieval Indian dynasty (mid-6th to 10th century)

Medieval Christian military campaigns

Renaissance of the 12th century

Period during the High Middle Ages of European history

Republic of Ancona

Ancient Italian maritime republic (11th century – 1532)

Republic of Florence

City-state on the Apennine Peninsula between 1115 and 1569

Republic of Genoa

Former state in Northwest Italy

Republic of Pisa

Maritime republic based at Pisa

Republic of Ragusa

1358–1808 maritime republic in southern Europe

Republic of Siena

Italian republic (1125–1555)

Republic of Venice

Sovereign state in Italy (697–1797)

Route from the Varangians to the Greeks

Medieval trade route between Scandinavia and the Eastern Roman Empire

Noble house which ruled several states in Eastern Europe during the years 862 to 1610

Saffarid dynasty

861–1002 Eastern Iranian dynasty

Sahelian kingdoms

Series of kingdoms and empires that were centered in the Sahel

Major body of Frankish law governing all the Franks of Frankia under the rule of its kings during the Old Frankish Period

Iranian empire ruled by the Samanids

Japanese warrior class

Sardinian medieval kingdoms

Medieval kingdoms of Sardinia 800 -1500 (CE)

Saudeleur dynasty

Scandinavian Scotland

8th–15th century historical period

Second Bulgarian Empire

Medieval Bulgarian state (1185–1396)

Umayyad-era Muslim civil war (680–692)

Second Turkic Khaganate

Khaganate founded by the Gokturks

Oghuz Turkic dynasty

Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim empire (1037–1194)

Hindu dynasty of Bengal region, ruled 10th to 12th century

Status of peasants under feudalism

Seuna (Yadava) dynasty

Indian dynasty (c. 1187–1317)

Military dictators of Japan 1185–1868

Siege of Acre (1189–1191)

1189-1191 siege

Siege of Acre (1291)

Siege of Antioch

1097–98 invasion in the First Crusade

Siege of Baghdad

Hulagu's investment, capture, and sacking of Abbasid Baghdad in 1258

Siege of Constantinople (674–678)

Major conflict of the Arab–Byzantine Wars

Siege of Constantinople (717–718)

Siege by the Arabs of the Umayyad Caliphate

Siege of Jerusalem (1099)

Christian conquest of the First Crusade

Siege of Jerusalem (1187)

Conquest of Jerusalem by the Ayyubids

Siege of Orléans

Turning point in the Hundred Years' War

Siege of Pavia (773–774)

Silk Road transmission of Buddhism

Spread of Buddhism through the Silk Road

Korean kingdom (57 BCE – 935 CE)

Slavic migrations to the Balkans

Overview of Slavic migrations to the Balkans

Chinese imperial dynasty from 960 to 1279

Empire in West Africa from c. 1456s to 1596

Historic international commerce

Old kingdom in Sumatra

Venetian maritime and overseas territories

Dynasty that ruled over China from 581 to 618

Sukhothai Kingdom

Kingdom in north central Thailand (13th-15th century)

Sultanate of Mogadishu

Medieval Somali sultanate

Sultanate of Rum

Turkish state in central Anatolia from 1077 to 1308

Hindu kingdom on the island of Java from 669 to 1579

Independent states of al-Andalus (Muslim-occupied Iberian Peninsula) from the 11th-13th centuries

Historical country based in today's Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra

Imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907

Medieval military order

Civil war in England between 1135 and 1154

1189–1192 attempted re-conquest of the Holy Land

Empire of the 7th to 9th centuries AD

Persianate Turco-Mongol empire (1370–1507)

Tiwanaku polity

Pre-Columbian polity based in the city of Tiwanaku in western Bolivia that extended around Lake Titicaca and Peru from 600 - 1000

Mesoamerican empire

Imperial Vietnamese dynasty (1225–1400)

Translatio imperii

Linear succession of transfers of power

Transmission of the Greek Classics

Trans-Saharan trade

Trade between West Africa and the Mediterranean

Tripartite Struggle

785–816 conflict in India

Tuʻi Tonga Empire

Turkic Mamluk Islamic dynasty in the Levant and Egypt

Turco-Persian tradition

Distinctive culture in Central Asia

Turkic Central Asian Kingdom

Turkic migration

Historical expansion of the Turkic tribes and Turkic languages into Central Asia, Eastern Europe and West Asia

Umayyad Caliphate

Second Islamic caliphate (661–750)

Umayyad campaigns in India

Military campaigns of the Arab Umayyad Caliphate in India

Umayyad state of Córdoba

Former state in Islamic Iberia (929–1031)

Uyghur Khaganate

Varangian Guard

Elite unit of the Byzantine Army from the 10th to 14th century

Venetian–Genoese Wars

Series of territorial conflicts between Genoa and Venice (13th-14th centuries)

Vijayanagara Empire

Empire in southern India (1336–1646)

Viking activity in the British Isles

Aspect of Viking expansion

Period of European history (793–1066)

Medieval Scandinavian seafarers, traders, raiders and settlers (8th-11th centuries)

Visigothic Kingdom

Post-Roman kingdom in Iberia

Vladimir-Suzdal

Former East Slavic monarchy

Volga trade route

Historical trade route that connected Northern Europe with the Caspian Sea

War of the Sicilian Vespers

Conflict from 1282-1302 between various French, Spanish, and Italian kingdoms

Middle Horizon (Pre-Inca Culture) civilization that flourished in the south-central Andes and coastal area of modern-day Peru, from about AD 500 to 1000

Wars of Scottish Independence

War of national liberation between Scotland and England

Wars of the Roses

Dynastic civil war in England during the 15th-century

Historical term for Slavs

Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the south of Great Britain

State in Western Europe from 843 to 987; predecessor to the Kingdom of France

Western Chalukya Empire

10th–12th century empire in western Deccan, South India

Western Ganga dynasty

Ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka in India

Split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417

Western Turkic Khaganate

Former Khaganate

Dynasty in northwest China (1038–1227)

Mongol-led dynasty of China (1271–1368)

Ancient culture and kingdom of western and northwestern Tibet

Sanhaja Berber dynasty